Izimpawu ze HIV/AIDS?

Izigaba zokutheleleka nge-HIV
Uma umuntu etheleleke nge-HIV, uzodlula ezigabeni ezine zokutheleleka uma engakutholi ukwelashwa kwe-HIV.

Isigaba 1: Ukutheleleka Nge-HIV Kokuqala
Kulesi sigaba, abanye abantu bangase bezwe sengathi baphethwe umkhuhlane, babe nezindlala ezivuvukele futhi baqubuke noma baphathwe yikhanda. Kodwa kaningi abantu abasanda kutheleleleka abazi ukuthi bayagula. Uhlelo lwabo lokuzivikela komzimba luzosabela ekubeni negciwane ngokuba luqale ukukhiqiza amasosha ama-antibody ukuze alwe negciwane. Kunesikhathi esithile esidlulayo kusukela umuntu ethole igciwane kuze kube yilapho ama-antibody eqala ukuvela emzimbeni womuntu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-window period. Igciwane (inani legciwane emzimbeni) emzimbeni liphezulu kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi; kulesi sigaba umuntu angalidlulisela kwabanye kalula igciwane uma bengayisebenzisi ikhondomu.

Isigaba 2: Isigaba se-HIV esingabonisi zimpawu (asymptomatic)
Ukuthi asymptomatic kusho ukungabonisi zimpawu. Uma ama-antibody esekhona, umuntu uyadlula esigabeni 1 aye esigabeni 2. Phakathi nalesi sigaba umuntu ubonakala futhi azizwe ephile kahle futhi angase angabi nasizathu sokucabanga ukuthi une-HIV. Igciwane lisakhula futhi seliyaqala ukuhlasela uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba kodwa umuntu yena akazi. Abantu abaziyo ukuthi bane-HIV belulekwa ukuba baphile ngendlela enempilo ukuze behlise ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Lesi sigaba singathatha iminyaka engafika kwengu-8 kodwa umuntu ngamunye uhlukile futhi kaningi, le nkathi ithatha iminyaka engu-2-4. Izinga lokuqhubekela phambili kwesifo lincike empilweni yomuntu kanye nendlela yakhe yokuphila [bheka iNgxenye 2 mayelana noKuphila Ngendlela Enempilo].

Isigaba 3: se-HIV esibonisa izimpawu
Phakathi nale nkathi, inani le-HIV esemzimbeni liyenyuka, maningi amasosha omzimba (amaseli e-CD4) abulawayo. Inani lamaseli e-CD4 liyehla lifike ku-250-300/mm3
. Manje umuntu usebhekana nezimpawu nezinkomba:
• Ukwehla komzimba ngaphezu kuka-10% wesisindo somzimba
• Ukujuluka ebusuku
• Amajaqamba esiswini, ezwe kuthi akaphalaze noma aphalaze
• Ukukhishwa yisisu okulokhu kubuya
• Imfiva
• Ukuhlushwa yisikhumba, isib. ukuqubuka, amabala, izinduna
• Izilonda zomkhuhlane
• I-thrush
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesikhunta ezinzisheni
• Ibhande
• Amagciwane anzima esifubeni
• Ubuhlungu bamamasela nemisipha
• Ukuhlale uvuvukele entanyeni nasemakhwapheni

Isigaba 4: Ukusuka ekubeni Igciwane Lengculaza Ibe Ingculaza
Uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba luba buthaka futhi umuntu angase angenwe amagciwane alwenza buthaka nakakhulu lolu hlelo lokuzivikela komzimba. Ingcuphe yokudlulisela igciwane kwabanye iphezulu. Lesi sifo manje sesibizwa ngokuthi ingculaza. Uma
ingalawulwa ngemishanguzo, ingcuphe yokubulawa yizifo ezingosomathuba iphezulu kakhulu.

Izimpawu nezinkomba zegciwane eselihambe kakhulu
• Isifo Sofuba
• Ukuhlale ukhishwa yisisu
• Ukukhathala okunzima nokuba buthaka
• Ukukhohlwa nokungakwazi ukugxila entweni
• Ukuvuvukala kwezinyawo
• Ubuhlungu, izibhobo ezandleni nasezinyaweni
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba nowezinye izinhlobo
• Ukuphathwa yikhandla elibi (i-meningitis)
• Amagciwane asesifubeni anzima
• Amagciwane angosomathuba
• Ukuncipha kakhulu emzimbeni